"The Soul of the White Ant"

by Eugène Marais

Human & Rousseau | March 2006 | ISBN 9780798145930

Recommended by Michael Holman

It was a sunny day in Rhodesia when the men came to kill the queen.

I was 5 years old, and allowed to watch. The gang wielded pick-heads that sliced deep into the soil, just next to the wall of our house, in the small Midlands town of Gwelo. It was there that she lay in her lair, deep down and surrounded by courtiers. Again and again, deeper and deeper, the steel picks probed and pierced, exposing a labyrinth of finely crafted tunnels.

But the closer they got to their quarry, the more uneasy I became. I remember no reason - just a growing feeling that what I was witnessing was somehow ... awe-some and mysterious. I looked on, transfixed, as the search continued. Then with a cry of triumph they found her, immobile and defenceless, at the very core of her kingdom, with her panic-stricken retinue scurrying back and forth.

They dropped her into a bottle, screwed the top tight, and passed it round for inspection. I could hardly bear to look at the off-white, bloated creature inside, about the size of a man's thumb, but when I did so it was with a mixture of pity and horror, sadness and distaste.

The men left. They had done their job. The termites would bother us no longer: their lives now had no purpose. The queen ant was dead.

It was about fifteen years later, in the Gwelo public library, that I came across the book that explains my reaction and which moves me to this day, so profound are its insights:

"The termitary", wrote the South African naturalist Eugène Marais in The Soul of the White Ant (the 1937 translation of the Afrikaans Die Siel van die Mier, published in 1925), "is a separate and composite animal, in exactly the same way that man is a separate and composite animal. Only the power of locomotion is absent ..."

After years of painstaking observation and note-taking, he had come to a momentous conclusion.

In every termitary, he wrote, there is a brain, a stomach, a liver, and sexual organs for the propagation of the race. They have legs and arms for gathering food; they have a mouth: "If natural selection continues to operate, the final result may be a termitary which moves slowly over the veld."