The language of a captive community acquires certain durable habits; whole zones of reality cease to exist simply because they have no name
The language of a captive community acquires certain durable habits; whole zones of reality cease to exist simply because they have no name
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francis fukuyama: the end of history revisitedFrancis Fukuyama's seminal book The End of History and the Last Man became an icon of American and western intellectual self-confidence after the cold war. Since then, Rwanda, Yugoslavia, 9/11, Afghanistan, Iraq, and the "war on terror" have happened. Fukuyama and his critics examine what remains of the argument.
An openDemocracy symposium on Francis Fukuyama's work features leading critics who question the arguments of the renowned author's new afterword to "The End of History and the Last Man". Here, Francis Fukuyama answers their charges, reflects on how his views have changed since 1989, and revisits his hypothesis about the global historical trend towards liberal democracy. Read the rest of this post...
Francis Fukuyama is caught between the triumphalism of Kant, Hegel, and Marx, and the despair of Nietzsche, Heidegger and Kojève, says Shadia Drury. Read the rest of this post...
Francis Fukuyama's historicism fails to accommodate two contemporary political realities and in the process misunderstands history itself, says Roger Scruton. Read the rest of this post...
The determinism of Francis Fukuyama's reheated modernisation theory does not fit the historical experience of the contemporary middle east, says Gavin Kitching. Read the rest of this post...
Francis Fukuyama's claims of universalism are belied by his unawareness of wider debates about modern knowledge systems, argues Vinay Lal. Read the rest of this post...
Francis Fukuyama's ascription to history of a plot and climax is implausible, but the grain of his work is freshly relevant to the post-9/11 world, says Stephen Holmes. Read the rest of this post...
Francis Fukuyama's welcome revision of his argument leaves its homogenising, simplifying impulses untouched. Charles S Maier is unpersuaded. Read the rest of this post...
The Muslim world is witnessing a gradual recasting of Islam in the framework of democracy, says Olivier Roy. Read the rest of this post...
The American triumphalism of Francis Fukuyama's work is encoded in its key concepts, writes David Scott. Read the rest of this post...
The Muslim world's encounter with modernity is a dislocating process that may prove fatal to theocrats and autocrats alike, says Saad Eddin Ibrahim. Read the rest of this post...
The institutions of liberal democracy may have to change for its values to be sustained, writes Anthony Pagden. Read the rest of this post...
Francis Fukuyama's defence of the universalism of western values and institutions is challenged by modern global political realities, says Talal Asad. Read the rest of this post...
Francis Fukuyama's vision falls short of recognising how the deficits in liberal democracy are being generated from within, says Saskia Sassen. Read the rest of this post...
Francis Fukuyama's renowned argument about universal history and liberal democracy remains a source of dispute. openDemocracy is publishing the author's new Afterword to "The End of History and the Last Man", followed by reflections from international thinkers on this seminal work. Here, Danny Postel introduces Fukuyama's essay and the symposium. Read the rest of this post...
Francis Fukuyama's "end of history" thesis proposed in a 1989 essay, elaborated in a 1992 book was the most influential attempt to make sense of the post-cold-war world. In a new afterword to "The End of History and the Last Man", Fukuyama reflects on how his ideas have survived the tides of criticism and political change. Read the rest of this post...
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