Though the Arab Spring has taken most of the world by storm, in some Middle East countries a less visible process is under way. In Morocco, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and elsewhere - existing powers have used a hybrid of constitutional reform and economic stimulus to satisfy the immediate demands of their peoples. Despite temporary success, these countries face a longer-term crisis of authority. Will constitutional reform be enough to maintain order, what will it look like and where will it lead? Return to Arab Awakening

Underrated legislations: Arab parliaments could play a crucial transformational role

Arab parliaments have traditionally played a largely ceremonial and self-serving role in politics. But now, they must take a leading role in the renewal of democracy in the Middle East.

Presidents, Prime Ministers and the Arab Spring

After a year of quiet turmoil under Ennahda's rule, post-revolution Tunisia faces many challenges. Sujit Choudhry and Richard Stacey have had a look at semi-presidentialism and have been evaluating which political system would be more beneficial to Tunisia's citizens.

Democratic reform in Turkey: constitutional ‘moment’ or constitutional process?

Constitutions are highly entrenched laws that express the common identity of the nation. They require substantial public involvement. Yet in Turkey, the details of the reform process have not been fully disclosed, and it is being rushed through.

Institutionalising the Arab Gulf Governments

For the Arab States of the Gulf there are two kinds of reforms, those that are acceptable and those that are off limits. Off limit calls for reform include calling for a constitutional monarchy. Acceptable calls for reform on the other hand include advocating for women's rights and for the election of municipal councils. Is there a middle ground?

The new Egyptian constitution: an initial assessment of its merits and flaws

Egypt cannot be described as a religious state, given that political power remains firmly in the hands of civilians, but religion will now play a real role in inspiring how the state is to function. And military trials of civilians have been elevated to a constitutional principle.

The failings of the process of adopting the Egyptian constitution

If the constitution is approved by a simple majority of voters, the opposition would have no reason to abandon protesting the outcome and instability will persist.

Diary of a constitutional crisis

Just over a week before my scheduled arrival in Cairo to research the constitution-drafting process, President Morsi triggered perhaps the most significant crisis since the fall of Mubarak.

Constitutional highway to theocracy

Egypt's constitutional draft should be rejected, the draft contains many dangers regarding private property, the separation of powers and judicial independence for instance. It is important to understand the actual hazards of the constitutional draft and its possible consequences.

The upcoming general strike in Tunisia: a historical perspective

The first general strike in Tunisia since 1978 takes place in a much-changed country and against old friends but for rather similar reasons.

President Morsi’s hazardous calculation

Morsi’s announcement has exacerbated the indignation of the opposition which is under the impression it is being blackmailed: either it votes yes on the constitutional referendum, or Morsi keeps unlimited powers.

Egypt’s constitution: the gatekeepers of the old regime and those who backtrack on their word

The official spokesman for Egypt’s al-Nour party and elected member of its Constituent Assembly writes to explain why President Morsi had to act as he did in defence of a political legitimacy won through the ballot box.

The 'politics' in Ethiopia's political trials

The Ethiopian regime is using the legal system to eliminate dissident voices and drag protesters to court under terrorism charges. Far from guaranteeing equality and justice, the country’s courts serve as an instrument in the Government’s hands to legitimize persecution of political adversaries while justifying its practices to the west.

Israeli-Palestinian ceasefire seems to be holding

Calls for comprehensive peace negotiations abound given the inability of conventional western military tactics to deal with the increasing effectiveness of asymmetrical warfare, and the need to compel all parties to forge a solution that recognizes the necessity of all sides to be secure in their homes.

Supranational courts and cosmopolitan norms as agents of change

To the chagrin of many committed Realists, states today operate in an indubitably ethical environment influenced by a revival of the cosmopolitan tradition.

Israel's champion of lawmakers

The man who defeated Zvulun Orlev for the leadership of Jewish Home doesn't have his legislative experience.

oD author detained in Dubai

"Mr. Ulrichsen believes that an article he wrote last summer "The U.A.E.: Holding Back the Tide," may have played a part in his blacklisting."
- Chronicle of Higher Education


Rita from Syria

Rap and the Arab Spring

Interview with Arab rappers Ibn Thabit and Deeb

Part 1 and Part 2 and Part 3

Full Event, Rap and the Arab Spring

Democracy and Islam

Sami Zubaida writes that the political fields and social spaces of many countries in the region have been opened, however chaotically.

Tariq Ramadan argues that we must look at the Arab Awakening in economic as well as political terms.

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Our Editors

Bassam Gergi

Bassam Gergi

Associate Editor of Arab Awakening is pursuing an M.Phil in Comparative Government at Oxford University

Mazen Zoabi

Mazen Zoabi

Translation Editor of Arab Awakening is a psychology graduate with an interest in film

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