Nicola Pratt is a Reader in the International Politics of the Middle East, University of Warwick. She is writing a monograph on the history of women’s activism in post-independence Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon. She is author (with Nadje Al-Ali) of What Kind of Liberation? Women and the Occupation of Iraq (2009) and Democracy and Authoritarianism in the Arab World (2007) and co-editor (with Maha El Said and Lena Meari) of Rethinking Gender in Revolutions and Resistance: Lessons from the Arab World (forthcoming, May 2015).