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# Nine
- URL: https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oliver-p-richmond/
- Published: 2011-04-26T11:04:47.000Z
- Updated: 2026-04-17T11:33:58.000Z
- Author: Oliver P. Richmond
- Tags: #en, #Migrated, #Import 2026-04-09 18:59, #ImagesUploaded

After the Millennium Development goals were reached, on paper at least, in 2035 it became clear that the old notion of liberal peace left much to be desired. Policy-makers, through their experience in lengthy, and often rocky, peace processes began to realise that peace came in multiple forms that required a wide range of issues be addressed - fuller representation, broader rights and identities, human needs and security, more responsive institutions - that would reflect the diverse communities that entered into them.

By 2050 it was widely accepted that democracy, justice, legitimacy, and peace were plural - local, transnational and generational - rather than merely western/northern. As a result, peace processes became more attractive to their protagonists and the international architecture of peace began to localise and democratise: there was no alternative and resistance to such transformation was futile.

![https://opendemocracy.basecamphq.com/projects/3158271/thumbnails/78195861](https://storage.ghost.io/c/3f/80/3f804bea-4b2d-4ddf-9ff0-6ec7d0afa5fa/content/images/2026/04/78195861_zFJtCAi-1776425618751.jpg)

https://opendemocracy.basecamphq.com/projects/3158271/thumbnails/78195861

#### Postcard image info

https://opendemocracy.basecamphq.com/projects/3158271/thumbnails/78195861

Author: Oliver P Richmond