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Silvio Berlusconi: answers, please

Geoff Andrews, 9 - 06 - 2009

There is rising international concern over the conduct of Italy’s premier, says Geoff Andrews.


The response from Italians to my article on openDemocracy posing ten questions to Silvio Berlusconi has been overwhelming. Many have expressed their deep anger at the Italian prime minister's public and private behaviour, which provoked the questions in the first place (see "Silvio Berlusconi: ten more questions", 1 June 2009 - and the many comments from Italian citizens, inside and outside the country, that follow).

Among openDemocracy's articles on Italy's politics:

Sarah Pozzoli & Mario Rossi, "The fall and rise of Silvio Berlusconi" (21 April 2005)

Sarah Pozzoli, "Who rules Italy?" (23 June 2005)

Marco Niada, "Italy's tragic democracy" (23 August 2005)

Marco Brazzoduro, "Italy's choice: risk from Roma vs Roma at risk" (24 June 2008)

I have been very moved by what La Repubblica - the Italian newspaper which began the interrogation of Berlusconi with its own dieci domande on 14 May - called the valanga (avalanche) of responses on the openDemocracy site.

Many of these comments indicate a hunger for civic engagement, for further discussion of Italy's problems, and for action to restore democracy and public life in the country

There is also embarrassment, even shame, at the image Berlusconi has imposed on Italy. Some respondents have further highlighted the real dangers to democracy; others call on their compatriots to "wake up". Almost all share deep fears over the direction he is taking Italy, in the face of declining international credibility.

A few correspondents have pointed to the sheer desperation of the current situation. Leoluca Orlando, the former mayor of Palermo and a member of the Italia dei Valori (Italy of Values), wrote to thank me for my efforts. He described the situation in which public institutions in Italy have degenerated under Berlusconi as a "climate of tragedy" that has similarities with Russia in the time of the Tsars.

The Portuguese author Jose Saramago, a Nobel literature laureate, published a scathing article on Berlusconi in the leading Spanish daily newspaper, El País. He described current events in Italy as indicative of a "virus (which) threatens to cause the moral death" of a country whose values of "liberty and dignity" pervade "the music of Verdi and the political action of Garibaldi" (see "La cosa Berlusconi", El País, 7 June 2009).

Saramago even uses the term delincuencia (delinquency) to describe Berlusconi's recent behaviour; he glosses this as the "act of committing crimes, disobeying laws or moral codes". El País has also been printing daily photographs - whose publication is banned in Italy - of scantily dressed young women attending a party at Berlusconi's Villa Certosa in Sardinia.

The world's voice

The scandals and excesses that have marked Silvio Berlusconi's leadership of an Italian government - including the conflict of interests over the vast media networks he owns or controls - have never been fully investigated or resolved. For example, an Italian court ruled on 19 May that the prime minister bribed his British lawyer David Mills by paying him to give false testimony. Berlusconi, however, refuses even to answer serious questions about his conduct. It is impossible to imagine such a situation existing in any other modern European democracy. There is security in the holding of power. Sergio Rizzo & Gian Antonio Stella's best-selling La Casta (2007) offered a devastating critique of the political elite, yet there was zero effect in terms of resignations.

Silvio Berlusconi has stated that the growing criticism of him in the international press has been orchestrated by left-wing opponents. But many of his biggest critics are on the right. In Britain, for example, it is the Times, the Daily Telegraph and the Economist - establishment or centre-right newspapers - that are among the most persistent in examining his record.

Berlusconi's claim that the criticism has been fuelled by the rival media empire of Rupert Murdoch is equally skewed. The reports published in the foreign press should be measured against the evidence they cite. In any event, Berlusconi's own media outlets are vehicles of his own interests and prejudices - so he can hardly scold others on these grounds, even were it true (and he has yet to produce evidence either of left-wing conspiracy or corporate rivalry as a source of attacks on him).

Silvio Berlusconi's refusal to answer important questions over his conduct is now a matter of wide public interest. The results of the elections to the European parliament on 6-7 June suggest that the criticism is having an effect: in a worse-than-expected outcome, Berlusconi's Il Popolo della Libertà (PdL) party won 35% of the vote, a fall from the 37.3% it won the general election of April 2008.

The conduct of this Italian prime minister has important international repercussions. Silvio Berlusconi jets to the White House to meet Barack Obama on 15 June. He hosts the G8 summit in L'Aquila on 8-10 July. The summer heat is rising, and so is the political pressure. Now is the time for some answers. 

 

Geoff Andrews is staff tutor in politics at the Open University. He is the author of Not a Normal Country: Italy After Berlusconi (Pluto, 2005), published in Italian as Un Paese Anormale (effepilibri, 2007); and of The Slow Food Story: Politics and Pleasure (Pluto Press / McGill-Queen's, 2008). Geoff Andrews is also an associate editor of Soundings. His website is here

Among Geoff Andrews's articles on openDemocracy:

"The life and death of Pier Paolo Pasolini" (November 2005)

"Italy's election: no laughing matter" (1 February 2006)

"Berlusconi's bitter legacy" (29 March 2006)

"In search of a normal country" (6 April 2006)

"Italy between fear and hope" (11 April 2006)

"Romano Prodi's fragile centre" (27 February 2007)

"Walter Veltroni: Italy's man for all seasons" (3 July 2007)

"Italy: another false dawn" (22 October 2007)

"Italy's governing disorder" (31 January 2008)

"Italy: the ungovernable nation" (11 April 2008)

"Italy's hour of darkness" (17 April 2008)

"Roberto Saviano: an Italian dissident" (22 October 2008)

"Italy's creeping fascism" (19 February 2009)

"Silvio Berlusconi: ten more questions" (1 June 2009)

Average rating
(6 votes)
read on

Italy - press freedom (Editors' Weblog, 5 June 2009)

Geoff Andrews

La Repubblica  + dieci domande a Berlusconi

Paul Ginsborg, Silvio Berlusconi: Television, Power, Patrimony (Verso, 2005)

Geoff Andrews, Not a Normal Country: Italy After Berlusconi (Pluto, 2005)

Christopher Duggan, The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796 (Penguin, 2007)

 

 
This article is published by Geoff Andrews, and openDemocracy.net under a Creative Commons licence. You may republish it without needing further permission, with attribution for non-commercial purposes following these guidelines. These rules apply to one-off or infrequent use. For all re-print, syndication and educational use please see read our republishing guidelines or contact us. Some articles on this site are published under different terms. No images on the site or in articles may be re-used without permission unless specifically licensed under Creative Commons.
This article adheres to the openDemocracy.net principles.

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Papi (not verified) said:



Thu, 2009-06-25 12:38

Papi, Papi....

Last night the car of Barbara Montereale, who accompained Patrizia D'Addario at Palazzo Grazioli on the evening of November 4th last year, was burnt. The car was parked under her home, in Modugno. Young woman was questioned by Finance Police whether about her travel in Rome and meetings with Berlusconi or on parties organized by Tarantini brothers.
(25th of june 2009)

Papi (not verified) said:



Tue, 2009-06-23 06:19

Minister Bondi attacks “Repubblica”: a danger for democracy

Repubblica’s reply: only two remarks about Minister Bondi’s shabby invective. Only in Italy Culture’s Minister may define a newspaper “a danger for democracy”. Press freedom represents clearly, in his idea of democracy which doesn’t foresee counterpowers and public opinion, but only liegemen, a danger. Citizens are warned. About Bondi’s charge that we ignore replies, we’d like to remember him that Law, at moment, doesn’t force us to publish any Minister’s letter

Nobiscum Deus (not verified) said:



Sun, 2009-06-21 14:00

EMPIRE’S END
Politician Romano La Russa (brother of Defence Minister Ignazio La Russa and, like as his brother, coming from former post-fascist party AN), says to policemen: “guys, they are 4 tatterdemalions (referring to protesters against Berlusconi), exert yourselves or we do it”

watch the video

Papi (not verified) said:



Fri, 2009-06-19 12:58

Excerpt of post "earthquake victims, the protest, the rage"

We were in Rome and we were not few ones. More than two thousand. But in Rome were only earthquake victims, because other ones were completely irrelevant. Many people of all ages. People who, even if deeply debilitated and tired, have braved oppressive heat, fatigue, fear. It was clear from the beginning that they wanted us not. They tried to block the spontaneous march to Montecitorio. They didn’t like banners which said, in perfect L’Aquila’s dialect "Berlu$coni we don’t want to see you in L’Aquila again” They ignored us. They trampled us. They have given us another earthquake, the eathquake of an hot afternoon on asphalt, the earthquake of refusal. Some citizens were received by a deputy of PdL, a certain Giorgio Straguadagno (“Extra-gain”): Latin wisdom, nomen omen. He says that no tax for earthquake victims was foreseen nor they will give money for reconstruction to local authorities. Everything remains in the hands of Civil Protection. Straguadagno finally said, "because you don’t have money to operate independently from central government, you may ask nothing. Or this one, or nothing." Rare example of democracy and freedom. Congratulations Mr Straguadagno! Earthquake victims? Meat for the slaughterhouse. One minute of silence for those dead on earthquake, so a day of pain, disappointment and deep regret ended. All of us are perfectly aware that, with this decree, the city of L’Aquila will die. We were back in L'Aquila just in time for the arrival of Berlusconi. Citizens committees were alerted, but Emperors don’t want to be challenged. The Emperor simply has overflown us by helicopter. He wasn’t among people who wanted to question him, who wanted to know where his promises were gone. However we had to bear sarcasm, sneers and insults from policemen.

That’s all folks. But ain’t no stoppin’us now. We are alone, but we expect everyone at G8.

A group of policemen blocked us in front of Finance Guard’s school. One, civil dressed, looking at me with his sardonic sneer said that I was pathetic and made comments on my "buffers" (breasts).

This is one of the groups of dangerous extremists, terrorists perhaps, waiting for the Empereor. Such a deployment of policemen to face this group.

Papi (not verified) said:



Fri, 2009-06-19 10:12

”The final user”
Even if statements of this girl would be true, and they are not true, the premier would be, according reconstruction, the final user and therefore never punishable by law
Niccolò Ghedini (lawyer and premier deputy) about charges to Berlusconi of induction to prostitution

Tikkun Olam (not verified) said:



Wed, 2009-06-17 13:58

Here we go again. A new scandalo that is concerning Silvio Berlusconi, his romantic and bucolic parties, and a new woman. At least this time she has a proper age. But apparently she was paid to participate in several occasions in parties done in Palazzo Grazioli, the Rome Residence of Premier Silvio Berlusconi. And it seams several other girls were paid to be present at these parties, it was a common practice.

http://www.repubblica.it/2009/06/sezioni/politica/berlusconi-divorzio-8/berlusconi-stampa/berlusconi-stampa.html

Deus Nobiscum (not verified) said:



Mon, 2009-06-15 16:01

Here an excerpt of an interview to Gaetano Saya, founder of Italian National Guard

on your personal website, last February, you wrote: "Thousands of foreign prostitutes recorded and not expelled. Thousands of Gypsies who steal with total impunity. Millions of illegal immigrants who wander with impunity in the cities. Thousands of foreigners who deal, steal, rape, kill. An increase of about 80 percent of strikes and occupation of public and private offices. Hundreds of armed assaults against private property by foreigners. Attacks against property of the state. Groups of young subversive people acting outside the limits of Parliament. Deputies and Senators of italian Republic who instigate to armed insurrection against the powers of the state, Minister of Internal Affairs who claims secession. An huge number of magazines and politic TV-programs which encourage to revolt. Clowns and quacks who outrage and defame Ministers and Government. The use of freedom threaten everywhere the Power and the Authority (...) People are under age, the Nation is ill; other ones have to cure and educate them. We must repress, repression is our beliefs. Repression and Civilization."
----------------------------------------------

So, dear Foreigners: new guards “to serve the Nation”. And Conducator, after having militarised Abruzzo, under the dictatorship of civil protection (in tent city it’s severely forbidden to distribute leaflets in which are described inefficiences in reconstruction), divide his squads: padanian ones on northern Italy and Italian National Guard on the rest of Italy.

Bye Bye Italy

Papi (not verified) said:



Fri, 2009-06-12 17:51

When someone, by judgments based on the reversal of reality, wants to reverse people’s decision and wants to substitute who was elected by people, this is called subversion and subversive will."
Silvio Berlusconi

Here in the picture: a group of subversive judges, certainly Communists; they were guilty of subversive armed troop's constitution and of armed insurrection against temporal power of the Papi

B.S. (not verified) said:



Thu, 2009-06-11 15:43

Are we really sure that Berlusconi is not a new Mussolini and Italy is still a democracy? I don't understand why nobody here in Italy are protesting, rebelling. Italians seem to be mentally dead, ready to accept everything the Leader declares. I'm so disappointed and sad. There's no way out.

Tikkun Olam (not verified) said:



Wed, 2009-06-10 09:10

In the media empire of Berlusconi, you can hear and read only his distorted vision of the results of the elections. According to the version of Berlusconi the fault for the decline of PDL are the following: of his wife Veronica Lario, the soccer player Kaka' and of Sicily.

It' s a nightmare! A real nightmare.

We see that his allies start to understand his egocentricity and Gianfranco Fini starts to dissociate himself from Berlusconi. We also see several critics coming up from the newspapers near to the Vatican thaughts.

For sure Barach Obama can help to make the difference. The US of George W. Bush has been too compliant with Berlusconi and failed to understand that this man, part of Propaganda 2, was bringing back fascism in Italy.

napocapo69 said:



Thu, 2009-06-11 07:11

first of all, few of international readers may understand what Propaganda 2 (or P2) means and its relevance to Italian history or even abroad. It is a complicated matter, that would deserve for sure a dedicated article in this site....

In few words P2, to which Berlusconi, as well as several politicians and key people of important institutions, belongs to, is a massonic organization (hidden before been discovered by chance) born in the 70's; its target was (is) to resurrect a renewed fascism with a program (putting key representatives in key institution, assume control of media...ecc) that is exaclty what Berlusconi is doing.

Anyway Gianfranco Fini is not an internal opposition to Berlusconi, he is only the instrumental "good" face that  Berlusconi has created by purpose to balance the exremist xenofoby of the other allies (Lega Nord).

It is still the old "3 cards game" that we are playing (so popular in Naples) where Berlusconi, Bossi and Fini exchange the cards everytime and....guess who lose?

fabrizio

napocapo69 said:



Tue, 2009-06-09 21:03

The spotlight, that European journalism has set on Italy, projects a number of grim shadows on the dignity of the Prime Minister, as well on the Italian citizens, as a whole.

But along with that, it also provides an excellent opportunity for Europe to develop the right vaccine to the propagation of a new sort of infection; this infection is a restyled fascism whose powerful veicle is the full control of media.

As any infection, it should be stopped at its beginning otherwise its rate of propagation will be hardly be confined, and eventually will lead to new strains of hate on a wider scale than just Italy.. 

Europe should consider Italian situation as a "lesson learned", and as such should start developing its contermisures in the media and communication industry to ensure that no concentration of media is allowed and to secure that Internet maintains its role of free and neutral communication mean.

fabrizio

Chinese Rocket (not verified) said:



Tue, 2009-06-09 14:20

Italy needs to jump into the 21st century with a premier who is conscious of the times, for instance, chauvinism is now considered a BAD thing, and that not going to your own child's birthday yet making the time to go to some young model's birthday, etc.

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