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Non-violence, anima of revolution

The Arab spring in 2011 is but one instance of a wider movement of change, says the author of Philosophy of Nonviolence: Revolution, Constitutionalism, and Justice beyond the Middle East.

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What is non-violence theory?

Rather than non-violence "theory", I use the term philosophy, in a tradition known since Hegel as "philosophy of history". A philosophy of non-violence stands in contradistinction with a recorded history of some 4,000 years of the human journey in which violence is the main nexus, midwife, spirit, anima for sudden large-scale change in society, namely revolutions and wars. A philosophy of non-violence starts with a revolution which is absolutely non-violent. The revolution acts with a clear conscience not to cause physical harm to a dictator, or harm any of the members of its large apparatus of repression. But a philosophy of non-violence goes beyond the revolutionary phase to include constitutionalism and justice.

How does non-violence theory differ in perspective from constitutionalism, and in what ways are they interconnected?