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The ceasefire is essential – but what should happen next for peace in Afghanistan?

So far a persistent theme of the Afghan conflict is the glaring gap between words and actions, with both sides talking peace while intent on waging war.

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Afghan security force inspects the site of a suicide bomb in Jalalabad, Afghanistan, 03 December 2017. NurPhoto/ Press Association. All rights reserved.

Afghanistan is at a crossroads facing two possible futures: indefinite violent conflict, or gradual progress towards sustainable peace.

Choices made now over strategy, tactics and resources can tip the balance either way. The recent declaration of a temporary ceasefire by both the Afghan Government, and, for the first time since they were ousted from power in 2001, the Taliban, could be a first step on an incremental journey towards peace. But what should happen next and how can this gradual progress towards peace be supported?