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Who is the subject of digital rights?

Digital rights organizations already number more than ecological rights or animal rights movements at their height. Together, these bodies give us a glimpse of the incipient political subject of digital rights.

By Engin Isin and Evelyn Ruppert
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This text is excerpted from Being Digital Citizens (published London, Rowman & Littlefield International, 2015).  

Edward Snowden calls for a Magna Carta for the Internet, 2014.
Edward Snowden calls for a Magna Carta for the Internet, 2014.

Edward Snowden calls for a Magna Carta for the Internet, 2014. Wikicommons/Steve Jurvetson. Some rights reserved.

Three rights—expression, access, and privacy—have emerged as the most often debated digital rights. To these, openness and innovation have recently been added. All together, these five rights have come to constitute digital rights in cyberspace. … So the question of ‘who’ the subject is of digital rights is both an analytical but also an urgent political question that requires addressing.

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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0