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How Turkmenistan spies on its citizens at home and abroad

A mix of traditional techniques and new technologies allows the Turkmen regime to follow its citizens’ every move.

By Naz Nazar
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Turkmenistan President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov. Photo: Kremlin Pool / Zuma Press / PA Images. All rights reserved.

New documents obtained by openDemocracy can today reveal how Turkmenistan's regime is spying on its citizens abroad, in order to scrutinise who they are in contact with and what they post. The documents, which comprise the period between 2008 and 2014, also reveal the key role Turkmenistan’s Embassy in Turkey has played in spying on Turkmen citizens in that country. 

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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0